A typical LED is designed for a current of about 10mA. So it's definitely damaged. We need to reduce the voltage to 1.8V and the current to 10mA. Meet Current limiting resistor. The most common way to solve this problem is to add resistors in series with the LEDs. We usually call them the current limiting resistors.

This lets the LED appear to response like an incandescent lamp. I checked one of these decoders and found that for "Rule 17" dimming the power was reduced to under 10% for the LED and only 35% for a lamp. A 1K (1000) Ohm 1/4 Watt resistor will work. If space is tight use a 1.5K 1/8 watt resistor.

In the diagram to the right, the "R" is a 470 or 560 ohm resistor, either will work for the common LED requiring 2 volts. You will need to acquire one resistor per LED. Resistors can usually be purchased in the same electronics stores as the LEDs themselves. Wiring LED Lights. The LED has two leads and they have to be wired in a specific way. If you have a 12V source and a 3V LED, why not put three or four of them in series, instead of all of them in parallel with huge power-wasting resistors for the rest of the voltage. If your max current is 1 amp but you're only driving it to 1 milliamp, why not use a smaller, cheaper LED?
A quick explanation of the resistors chosen: Assuming a nominal 12V supply, the 15Ohm resistor will allow a current of 0.8A. The power dissipated by the resistor will therefore = V*A = 12*0.8 = 9.6W, thus making the 10W rated resistor sufficient (particularly when installed with a means to transfer heat away).
Usually the replacement type LED bulbs (many LEDs per bulb unit) are designed to divide the 12 volts across each of them to achieve the correct voltage on each individual LED (~ 1.9-3.6 volts usually). The bulbs have a couple rows of 3 or 4 LEDs in series (12v / 4 = 3 volts) bunched together.
So assuming a 12-volt power source and a white LED with the desired current of 10 mA; The formula becomes Resistor = (12-3.4)/.010 which is 860 ohms. Since this is not a standard value I would use an 820-ohm resistor. We also need to determine the power rating (watts) of the required resistor.
The new LEDs are simply ON/OFF and have 2 wires. Since LEDs do not draw as much power as the stock filament bulbs, load resistors (that come with the LEDs) are included. These resistors get very hot because they pass a lot of current so the electronics on the motorcycle will not think there is a burnt bulb.

The main reason LEDs need resistors is to protect the LED from excessive current which can permanently damage the LED. LEDs have current ratings which indicate the optimal current at which the LED operates effectively.

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    • do 12v leds need resistors